Automatic Detection of Sports Injuries Based on Multimedia Intelligent 3D Images

With the concept of quality education put forward, students' sports activities have received extensive attention from society. As a result, sports injuries among students during sports have also aroused widespread concern, so it is an irreversible trend to detect sports injuries. The development of multimedia intelligent 3D image technology also provides technical support for sports injury detection, which makes it possible to automatically detect sports injuries. In this paper, an automatic detection system for sports injuries was designed based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image technology, and the related content was evaluated. In the investigation of the parts of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that the injury rate of the students' ankle joints was the highest;in the investigation of the types of sports injuries among students, it was concluded that students were more likely to suffer from joint sprains;in the project investigation of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that students were more prone to sports injuries in ball games with a large amount of exercise;in the investigation of the causes of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that the main reasons for students' sports injuries were physical insufficiency and a bad venue environment;in terms of the performance evaluation of the sports injury detection system, it was concluded that the accuracy, effectiveness, authenticity, and efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image processing technology had been improved to different degrees compared with the traditional sports injury detection methods. Therefore, the detection efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system proposed in this paper was improved by 5.7% compared with the traditional sports injury detection method.

Machine Learning analysis of human pulmonary extracellular matrix architecture identifies disease-specific remodeling patterns

Background: Normal organ function is critically dependent on an intact three-dimensional architecture. Structural abnormalities induced by pathological situations instruct cells to behave abnormally and promoting disease progression oftentimes leading to organ failure. Current approaches do not allow for high-resolution (HR) threedimensional (3D) visualisation and analysis of human organ structure. Method(s): Here, we develop a method to perfuse human tissue segments to remove cells and study the 3D structural scaffold, which could be applied to any organ. Our approach enables HR-3D imaging of organ architecture, which we apply to study healthy and diseased human lung, specifically emphysema, usual interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and COVID-19. Result(s): Our imaging reveals major structural abnormalities previously unseen by existing methodologies. Furthermore, we identify disease-specific patterns of structural remodelling using machine learning, including the altered spatial relationship between extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen type IV, elastin and fibrillar collagen present across all diseases. Conclusion(s): Given the importance of organ structure on function, our approach opens the possibility to understand human physiology in a new way, which may assist in future disease diagnosis and explain the detrimental pulmonary effects of the diseases studied here.

Prognostic Value Of Echocardiographic Evaluation Of Left Ventricular Function In Recovered Covid-19 Patients

Cardiovascular complications are frequently reported in COVID-19 patients and are associated with increased mortality during hospitalization. However, no data exists on cardiac involvement in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection. Our study suggests a need for closer follow-up among COVID-19 recovered subjects including echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function to elucidate long-term cardiovascular outcomes by early detection of left ventricular dysfunction.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Longitudinal lung function assessment of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 using 1H and 129Xe lung MRI

Introduction: The progression of pathophysiological pulmonary changes in patients following acute COVID-19 is not well established. Method(s): Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia without signs of ILD, had MRI exams at a median of 6 (n=9), 12 (n=9), 25 (n=7), and 52 (n=3) weeks. MRI sequences included: dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) lung perfusion,129 Xe diffusion weighted (DW-MRI), 129Xe ventilation and 129Xe 3D dissolved phase imaging. Result(s): 9 patients (age 56+/-9 years;7 male;1 required treatment in an ICU) were recruited. Median RBC:TP was abnormally low at all visits compared to reference age and sex matched data. An individual's RBC:TP was significantly and positively associated with an increase in their pulmonary blood volume (p=0.026). For patients with 52 week data available, one showed a continued increase in RBC:TP, 2 patients maintained a low RBC:TP (Figure 1). Ventilation defect percentage, and ventilation heterogeneity significantly decreased at 25 weeks compared to 6 129 129 129 weeks (p=0.010 and p=0.048). DW-MRI was normal at all visits. Dissolved phase xenon imaging showed RBC:TP significantly increased at 12 and 25 weeks compared to 6 weeks (p=0.048). Conclusion(s): In patients recovering after COVID-19, poor gas transfer is reflected by impaired xenon transfer, which improves alongside pulmonary blood volume.

DUPILUMAB-INDUCED SEVERE HYPEREOSINOPHILIA COMPLICATED WITH EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA

SESSION TITLE: Challenges in Asthma SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 10:15 am - 11:10 am INTRODUCTION: Dupilumab is one of the recently developed biological anti-asthma medications which is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody. Dupliumab inhibits the biological effects of both IL-4 and IL-13. In 2018, Dupilumab was approved for treating moderate to severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma. Transient, laboratory eosinophilia is a common side effect of Dupilumab, but clinical consequences are hardly ever reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 66-year-old female patient with history of severe persistent asthma with an eosinophil's baseline of 1403 cells/mm3. She was started on Dupilumab a month prior to presenting to our hospital with shortness of breath, facial rash, recurrent fever and fatigue. Upon further investigations, patient was found to have severe peripheral eosinophilia (35%, absolute eosinophil count of 6100 cells/mm3), imaging studies that included CT scan of the chest showed patchy pulmonary consolidations, ground glass opacification and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Non-invasive infectious work up including COVID-19 was negative. Then, patient underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial biopsy, ultrasound guided lymph node fine needle aspiration and endobronchial biopsy (for diffuse endobronchial nodular lesions). Infectious work up from the BAL was negative but the BAL cytology showed eosinophilic alveolitis (31%). Histopathologic examination of the above biopsies showed significant interstitial inflammation with predominant eosinophils. Subsequently, Dupilumab was discontinued, and patient was started on prednisone 60 mg daily with remarkable eosinophils count reduction from a peak of 11,232 to 84 cells/mm3 along with significant improvement in her symptoms. CT chest 8 weeks later showed near complete resolution of pulmonary opacities. DISCUSSION: Dupilumab is an effective treatment for moderate to severe persistent asthma, by lowering rates of asthma exacerbation, as well as better lung function and asthma control. However, it has been reported that dupilumab can rarely cause a state of significant hyper-eosinophilia, which can rarely lead to complications such as eosinophilic pneumonia. Our patient was treated with dupilumab for her severe persistent asthma and after an intensive work up, we reached a diagnosis of severe Dupilumab induced hyper–eosinophilia leading to eosinophilic pneumonia and skin rash. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this unique report is an important add to the reports in literature as it describes this rare entity in the differential diagnosis. Monitoring serum eosinophils count closely for the first few weeks of treatment with dupilumab should be considered, particularly for patients with unusual high level of eosinophils at baseline, to prevent severe complications. We believe that more studies are needed to better describe dupilumab induced severe hyper–eosinophilia Reference #1: Pelaia, Corrado, et al. "Dupilumab for the treatment of asthma.” Expert opinion on biological therapy 17.12 (2017): 1565-1572 Reference #2: Castro, Mario, et al. "Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma.” New England Journal of Medicine 378.26 (2018): 2486-2496 Reference #3: Menzella, Francesco, et al. "A case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient treated with dupilumab.” Therapeutics and clinical risk management 15 (2019): 869 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Hamza Alsaid No relevant relationships by Mark Cowan No relevant relationships by Kamel Gharaibeh no disclosure on file for Kathryn Robinett;Consultant relationship with Medtronic Please note: 1 year Added 04/04/2022 by Ashutosh Sachdeva, value=Consulting fee Consultant relationship with Intuitive Inc Please note: Intermittent Added 04/04/2022 by Ashutosh Sachdeva, value=Consulting fee Consultant relationship with MErit Please note: 2 years Added 04/04/2022 by Ashutosh Sa hdeva, value=Consulting fee Scientific Medical Advisor relationship with AMBU Please note: 6 months Added 04/04/2022 by Ashutosh Sachdeva, value=Consulting fee

Community Based Eye Screenings Using Retinal and OCT-B Combination Imaging in Glaucoma During COVID-19

Purpose : Retinal imaging is the gold standard in tele-ophthalmology. Limitations in twodimensional imaging can lead to poor triage or unnecessary clinical referrals, especially during COVID-19. Combined retinal imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography-B scan (OCT-B) in detecting vision threatening diseases (VTDs) such as glaucoma in communitybased screenings adds a third dimension to subject data. Methods : A non-mydriatic Topcon 3D Maestro1 imaging system was deployed in this pilot study to screen 120 subjects (43.3% male, mean age 55.1) in community-based screenings. Measurements of vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness and macular and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness were collected along with color retinal images by the Maestro1. Visual acuity and intraocular pressures (IOP) were obtained as part of the screening protocol. Four types of OCTs were acquired: 78.33% 3D Wide, 13.33% 3D Macula, 5.83% 3D Disc, and 2.51% 5-Line Cross. An on-site certified reader (CR) interpreted results and provided consultation follow-up to a remote ophthalmic subspecialist. Results : Of 222 eyes, OCT-B confirmed follow-up in 86.94%. 88.3% of subjects had referable eye pathology: 23.33% to general or specialty eye clinic and 65% to telemedicine. CR glaucoma referral based on OCT-B scan, VCDR and NFL defects was compared to OCT-B referral based on VCDR ≥0.65. Cohen's kappa was 0.546 with 30% disagreement. Compared to CR, OCT-B generated VCDR had a 91.1% specificity and 42.3% sensitivity in detecting glaucoma. VCDR, IOP, NFL, and GCL measurements were significantly correlated with CR glaucoma referral (p<0.05). Only VCDR, NFL, and GCL were significantly correlated with Maestro 1 glaucoma referral (p<0.05). Conclusions : OCT-B images provide valuable added diagnostic information about referrals in glaucoma. Its ability to capture greater depth of information about the eye, such as NFL and GCL measurements, compared to traditional two-dimensional retinal photography, warrants consideration for OCT-B as a replacement for non-mydriatic retinal photography as the gold standard in ophthalmic diagnostics. Further studies can investigate the utility trend analysis of OCT-B in predicting VTD's progression over time.

Target Visualization In ENT-Surgery Based On Stereopsis Phenomenon

Three-dimensional imaging of a surgical wound in otorhinolaryngology enables a more detailed assessment of the anatomical features of the structure of human ENT organs improving the productivity of the surgeon. For this purpose a remote adapter has been created on the base of the North West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov in Saint Petersburg, Russia with the help of which the image of the surgical field was broadcast on virtual reality glasses in real time. The applied technique was critically evaluated in comparison with traditional imaging methods. The research work on the implementation of various surgical scenarios was performed on cadaveric material using three different methods of surgery. The data of the experimental clinical study were evaluated using the international survey "NASA Task Load Index". As a result of the experiment a lower level of subjective workload for surgeons when using a VR helmet, which should be considered as a positive effect of the stereopsis phenomenon.

Telemedicine satisfaction and preferences in an orthopaedic spine clinic

Introduction: The use of telemedicine has expanded amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have described the feasibility of telemedicine, however, little has been reported on the patient perception and preferences within orthopaedics. The purpose of our current study is to evaluate satisfaction and preferences of telemedicine from the perspective of patients within an orthopedic spine clinic. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was implemented as a prospective quality improvement initiative. The survey was sent to patients who had an in-office visit or a telemedicine visit with a provider in our orthopaedic spine clinic. The survey consisted of ten questions with a combination of multiple choice and yes/no questions. Four questions pertained to patient demographics including age range, race, gender, and proximity to the orthopaedic clinic. The remaining questions pertained to previous exposure to telemedicine, reasons patients would prefer telemedicine or in-office visits, for what types of visits patients would accept a telemedicine visit, and overall satisfaction with the visit. Univariate analysis was utilized to compare survey responses among groups. Results: The survey was sent to 1129 patients and a total of 316 patients responded. Twenty-one percent of respondents had a telemedicine appointment. There was no difference in satisfaction among patients who had a telemedicine or in-office visit (p = 0.288). Those that had telemedicine appointments were more likely to have had a previous experience with this type of visit (p = 0.004) and were more inclined to use it in the future (p < 0.001). Patients preferred telemedicine because of the ability to get earlier appointments (p < 0.001) and the convenience of the visits (p < 0.001). Patients preferred in-office visits because they received hands-on physical exams (p = 0.003) or imaging (p = 0.041). Conclusion: Telemedicine is a viable alternative to in-office appointments as spine patients had similar levels of patient satisfaction when compared to traditional, in-office appointments. Sooner appointments and convenience are attractive elements of telemedicine visits, while the desire for a physical examination and imaging-often needed during new patient appointments-remain potential barriers to further adoption in this population.

Hyperpolarized 129Xe Ventilation and Gas Exchange Imaging in a Single, Clinically Feasible Breath-Hold

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI (Xe-MRI) is eliciting increasing interest as an outcome measure in clinical trials, and, with FDA approval expected in 2022, for clinical application. This technique can provide 3D images of pulmonary structure and function non-invasively and with no ionizing radiation. In particular, Xe-MRI can be used to map regional ventilation and gas exchange, both of which have proven effective at identifying structure and function abnormalities in a variety of pulmonary diseases. However, multiple breath-holds are required to collect ventilation and gas exchange images, which increases patient burden and the time/cost of imaging. Building on recent advances to Xe-MRI, namely 3D spiral imaging and flip angle/TR equivalence, we have developed an imaging sequence that can acquire high quality ventilation and gas exchange images within a single, clinically feasible (∼10 s) breath-hold. This sequence uses an interleaved 3D spiral/3D radial 1- point Dixon approach to simultaneously acquire ventilation and gas exchange images. In postprocessing, images are generated of ventilation (voxel size 4 x 4 x 4 mm3) and gas exchange, including xenon dissolved in tissues (“Barrier”) and red blood cells (RBCs) (voxel size 6.25 x 6.25 x 6.25 mm3). This sequence has been used to acquire images in 8 subjects, including 4 healthy volunteers, 1 patient with scleroderma associated ILD (SSc-ILD), and 3 patients experiencing respiratory post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Of these, 7 subjects had a dedicated breath-hold for imaging ventilation, and 5 subjects had a dedicated gas exchange image. In all cases, image signal to noise ratio was equal or superior to dedicated breath-hold images. Qualitative agreement between ventilation/gas exchange images in dedicated breath-holds (Figure A, B) and single-breath images (Figure C) was excellent, and quantitative biomarkers, including ventilation defect percentage (VDP) (ICC = 0.90, p = 0.006), mean barrier signal (ICC = .99, p = 0.001), mean RBC signal (ICC = 0.93, p < 0.001), global RBC oscillation (ICC = 0.984, p = 0.001), percent of the lungs with low barrier (ICC = .98, p = 0.001), and percent with low RBC signal (ICC = 0.92, p = 0.006) were closely correlated. Single-breath imaging was able to identify ventilation defects (Figure C), elevated barrier (in SSc-ILD), and RBC defects (in SSc-ILD, PASC). These data show that hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation and gas exchange images can effectively be acquired within a single, clinically manageable breath-hold, which may help to pave the way for increased clinical utilization of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI. (Figure Presented).

Left ventricle longitudinal strain alterations in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic pediatric patients with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection

Introduction: Evidence suggests that, compared with adult patients, clinical manifestations of children's COVID-19 may be less severe. However, multiple reports have raised concern about the so called pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) which resembles other inflammatory conditions (i.e. Kawasaki disease, toxic shock). Patients affected by PIMS-TS showed cardiac involvement with myocardial injury, reduced left ventricle systolic function and coronary artery abnormalities, and in some cases, need for inotropes/ vasopressors and extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Little is known regarding cardiac involvement in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and none or only mild symptoms of disease. Methods: We analyzed 52 pediatric patients (29males, 56%) with diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on either PCR analysis of nasopharingeal swab (NPS), or serological finding of IgG on blood sample and asymptomatic (23%) or only mildly symptomatic (77%) for COVID-19. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) after a median time of 3.6 months from diagnosis and negative NPS for SARS-CoV-2. Offline analysis with GE EchoPAC software to measure global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the LV using 2D speckle tracking imaging. Therefore, we compared the results with an age-matched group of 32 controls (18males, 56%). Results: Cases and controls were similar regarding age and gender. LV biplane EF was significantly lower in the cases group, although still in the normal range (62.4±4.1% vs. 65.2±5.5%, p=0.012). TAPSE and LV-GLS were comparable between the two groups. GLS analysis showed significant strain reduction of the LV midwall segments and of the basal anterior, posterior and septal inferior segments among cases compared to controls. On the other hand, apical segments showed higher deformation in cases compared to controls. Furthermore, in the case group there were 14 subjects (27%) with a strain below 16% (mean value minus 2.5 SD) in at least 2 segments. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect LV deformation in asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic children, showing a peculiar pattern with lower longitudinal strain in all mid-wall segments of LV compared to control subjects. The clinical significance of this findings is unclear and follow-up is needed to verify the reversibility of this alterations.

Assessment of pacemaker lead-related infective endocarditis with three-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography.

Pacemaker endocarditis is rare and symptoms may be misleading. If missed, it carries significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly. Advances in multi-modality imaging in recent years have emphasised its role in clinical decision making. This case highlights the ability of multi-modality imaging techniques to individualise diagnosis, management and prognosis in patients with suspected cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) endocarditis.

Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of aerodynamic environment in fattening pig house using CFD and VR technology

• Aerodynamic environment in a fattening pig house simulated using CFD. • Three-dimensional image models were developed for inputting in a virtual space. • A VR simulator was developed to visualise the aerodynamic environment in a fattening pig house. In this study, a virtual reality (VR) simulator to visualise the aerodynamic environment of a fattening pig house was developed as educational materials for farmers and consultants. The aerodynamic environments inside a fattening pig house were firstly analysed according to various environmental conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using the validated CFD model (Kim et al., 2019), the aerodynamic environment inside the fattening pig house was analysed with 54 cases of environmental conditions in winter and 60 cases of environmental conditions in summer. And then, the VR simulator was developed by visualising the CFD-computed data of aerodynamic environments in virtual space. The three-dimensional fattening pig house models were designed following the CFD-computed cases, and the three-dimensional pig model was developed with real shape and texture. The virtual space was organized by arranging the three-dimensional image models of the fattening pig house and fattening pig. A C language-based code was also used to extract the CFD-computed results for developing visualisation of the aerodynamic environment inside the fattening pig house. Visualisation was realized using contour plot, two-dimensional vector flow, and smoke effect in the virtual space. In the case of the contour plot, a scalar of air temperature, relative humidity, and gas concentration were expressed using color on the active plane. A two-dimensional vector flow represented two-dimensional flows on the active plane. From streamline data, the smoke effect was developed to describe the airflow from the air inlet. In this study, a tablet-shaped user interface (UI) was created so that the user can directly select the desired cases. Through a performance test, the optimal number of frames was determined. Finally, the VR simulator was developed to effectively describe the aerodynamic environments inside the fattening pig house. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Computers & Electronics in Agriculture is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

COVID-19 spike-protein causes cerebrovascular rarefaction and deteriorates cognitive functions in a mouse model of humanized ACE2

COVID-19 pandemic has affected our health and economy. Clinical trials confirmed multiple neurological symptoms due to COVID-19, ranging from headaches, insomnia to stroke, and encephalopathy. More studies are required to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms to find a cure for these neurological symptoms. Here, we investigate the effect of COVID-19 spike protein (S-protein) on the cerebrovasculature and cognitive functions in two mouse models that express humanized ACE-2 (h ACE2), a receptor essential for cellular infection and COVID-19 internalization. We hypothesize that COVID-19 S-protein causes cognitive dysfunction via the deterioration of cerebrovascular functions. Methods: S-protein was either injected intravenously or directly into the hippocampus of K-18 (h ACE2 in epithelial cells) or global h-ACE2 knock-in (h ACE2 KI) mice or wild-type mice. Cognitive functions were assessed by Y-maze and Barnes maze. Cerebrovascular density was determined using confocal 3-D image reconstruction. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC) were treated with S-protein and assessed for apoptosis and inflammatory markers using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. K-18 and h-ACE2 KI mice received intraocular injections of S-protein;retinas were evaluated for vascular cell death and inflammation. Results: S-protein injections caused significant deterioration in memory and learning function of K-18 and h-ACE2 KI mice but not in the wild-type mice (P<0.05). S-protein significantly increased inflammatory mediators, cytokine production, and apoptosis in the brains and HBMVECs (P<0.05). Significant cerebrovascular rarefaction was detected only in K-18 and h-ACE2 KI mice compared to wild-type mice (P<0.05). Retinal vascular cell death and inflammation were significantly increased after S-protein injection. (P<0.05) Conclusions: COVID-19 spike protein decreases cognitive function via increased endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and cerebrovascular rarefaction. Humanized ACE2 animal models are excellent and reliable for investigating the neurological symptoms of COVID-19.

USING UAV-BASED 3D IMAGES OF INDIVIDUAL TREE SPECIES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN FORESTRY

Distance education has been offered for years, but the integration of technological developments and opportunities into education has recently increased its popularity and event it became an indispensable method during the Covid-19 pandemic period. In distance education, accessing all class materials such as lecture presentations, class notes, reading materials, videos, live chats or class hours, and archive records allow students (participants) to learn without being in the same environments with teachers or learners. Technology has made vast contributions to the field of education. For instance, 3D as a teaching tool for the class attracts students’ attention, makes the learning process more enjoyable, and increases participation. In particular, for the disciplines, such as forestry, earth, and environmental sciences, which require laboratory exercises, field observation, field trips, and in-situ measurements, 3D modeling has provided many benefits in distance education. It enables 3D demonstration of the individual tree species to develop a virtual field laboratory. This study focused on the data sources and techniques to generate a 3D model of the individual tree species that forestry students used for distance education. The capabilities of the method in the generation of 3D models were evaluated by using UAV-based SfM photogrammetry. The results indicated that implementing 3D images of individual tree species can be a promising method that may increase the interest, interaction and satisfaction of the students in distance education in forestry.